Agriculture is a part of the primary sector in Malaysian economy which contributes to the gross domestic product (GDP) over time. The contribution of agriculture to GDP has decreased since 1970.
The production capacity is low due to the limited technology and disorganised farm management practices. However, the development programmes which is guided by the National Agricultural Policy(NAP) are aimed to expand the food production to improve the food trade balance, increase the export of primary commodities, and ensure the supply of raw materials for local downstream industries.
FOOD COMMODITIES
The implementation of the third National Agricultural Policy (NAP 3) to meet the national food requirements as well as broaden the export capacity of the agriculture sector have positive impacts on food production.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN AGRICULTURE
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The agricultural sector contributes significantly to the country in earning foreign exchange through exports. Malaysia exports oil palm, rubber, fatty acid complexes, palm kernel oil, various food preparations, sugar and cocoa butter. However, Malaysia also import food from other country. Among the major import items are maize, sugar, wheat, rice, soybean, and various food preparations.
AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT
According to table above, employed persons in agriculture sector decreased from 1990 until 2010 and in 2012, there is 16017000 persons employed in agriculture sector. However, compare with year 1982 which had 31.2% employed persons in agriculture sector, in 2012 there is only 12.6% in this sector. Percentage of male employed in agriculture sector increase from 59.6% in 1982 to 76.2% in 2012. For the percentage for female employed decrease from 40.4% in 1982 to 23.8% in 2012.
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